Week 29 · Modal Verbs: Can, Could, Should, Must, Might

Language target語言目標

Ability, permission, advice, obligation, possibility.

Seasonal / Taiwan connection季節與台灣連結

School rules: compare what students can, should, must, and mustn't do at school and at home.

Power vocabulary核心字彙 · 8 words · 中文與例句由 MCC 補充

canmodal能；可以She can swim very well.能力、許可 · ✗ She cans · ✗ can to swim
couldmodal能夠（過去）；可以（客氣）Could you help me for a second?過去的能力，或客氣的請求（第 20 週的禮貌階梯）
shouldmodal應該You should drink more water.建議 · 不是命令
mustmodal必須；一定是You must wear a helmet. / She must be tired.兩個意思：義務、以及推論（一定是）
have tophr.必須（外在規定）I have to wear a uniform at school.唯一會變化的：he has to · 過去式 had to
mightmodal可能It might rain later.機率低於 will · might 沒有過去式變化
maymodal可以（正式許可）；可能May I come in?比 can 正式 · 考場、正式場合常見
ought tomodal應該We ought to leave now.≈ should 但更正式 · 唯一帶 to 的情態動詞

The lesson, minute by minute · 課堂流程

60 minutes, four moves

0–10 min
Homework review複習作業every week · 每週相同
Review last week's assignment. Ask 2–3 students to share. Correct one common error and celebrate one strong example.
10–20 min
Vocabulary單字every week · 每週相同
Teach 5–10 target words. Always include: meaning, Chinese equivalent when useful, example, synonym, antonym, and/or word family.
35–50 min
Fun / application應用活動
Advice Hotline: students solve funny problems using different modals; points for the most natural answer.
50–57 min
Challenge / exit ticket挑戰與出場券every week · 每週相同
Each student produces something before leaving: a sentence, answer, mini-story, explanation, role-play, or spoken response. Keep it quick and visible.

Teaching pack · 教學包

Ready to run, no preparation

Activities you can read straight off this page, written to fit the blocks above.
可以直接照著這一頁上的活動，對應上面每一段課堂流程。

Who wrote what The lesson plan above is Dom Jones's, including her choice of this week's power vocabulary. The Chinese, the example sentences and the practice sets below are added by My Culture Connect so the plan can be taught without preparation.
上面的教案出自 Dom Jones，包括本週核心字彙的選擇；下面的中文、例句與練習由人師教育協會補充，讓這份教案不必備課就能上。

The trap · two mechanical rules

陷阱・兩條機械規則

Chinese verbs never change, so students add -s to modals by over-correcting, and add 'to' because every other verb pattern seems to want one. Neither is ever right (except ought to). Write both rules on the board and point at them.
中文動詞從不變化，所以學生會因為「矯枉過正」給情態動詞加 -s，又因為其他動詞句型都要 to 而加了 to。兩者都不對（ought to 除外）。兩條規則寫上白板，出錯就指。

① 不加 -s：✗ He cans swim. ✗ She musts go. ✓ He can swim. ✓ She must go.
② 不加 to：✗ I must to go. ✗ You should to rest. ✓ I must go. ✓ You should rest.
例外只有一個：ought to（本來就帶 to）
Your turn — fix this: ✗ My sister cans speak Japanese and she musts practice every day.

mustn't or don't have to?

mustn't 還是 don't have to？

Chinese does not separate these clearly, and the two English meanings are opposites. One forbids, one releases. Get this wrong on a school rule and the sentence says the opposite of what you meant.
中文不太分這兩個，但英文的兩個意思是相反的：一個是禁止，一個是解除。學校規定寫錯這個，整句意思就反了。

You mustn't use your phone in class. = 禁止（不可以）
You don't have to bring lunch on Friday. = 不必（可以，但不需要）
Your turn — choose: You ______ be late for the exam.
Your turn — choose: You ______ wear a uniform on Sports Day. (那天可以穿便服)

Advice Hotline · the callers

煩惱諮詢專線・來電者

Dom's activity needs problems, so here are six callers. Teams answer as the hotline and must use a different modal each time. Points for the most natural answer, not the most grammatical.
Dom 的活動需要問題，這裡備了六位來電者。各組扮演專線回答，每次要用不同的情態動詞。最自然的答案得分，不是最文法正確的。

"My cat sleeps on my homework and I can't move her."
"I forgot my best friend's birthday. Yesterday."
"My little brother copies everything I say."
"I have a test tomorrow and I haven't started."
"I told my teacher I was sick, but she saw me at the night market."
"My neighbour's rooster wakes me at 4 a.m. every day."

Exit ticket · one rule, one piece of advice

出場券・一條規定，一個建議

Dom's homework is a Student Survival Guide. Write the first two lines here — one thing that is forbidden, one thing that is merely a good idea.
Dom 的作業是學生生存指南。在這裡先寫兩行——一件被禁止的事，一件只是建議的事。

At our school you mustn't ______ .
But you should ______ .

Prep · 備課 No preparation needed. Two mechanical rules save the whole week: a modal never takes -s, and a modal never takes 'to'. Then one meaning distinction that Chinese does not make at all — mustn't is forbidden, don't have to is optional. Students mix those two for years.
不必備課。兩條機械規則就救掉整週：情態動詞後面不加 -s，也不加 to。然後是一個中文根本不區分的意思差別——mustn't 是禁止，don't have to 是不必。學生會混很多年。